Spitzer and Boyes, LLC Website

DAVID W. SPITZER'S E-ZINE

TECHNICAL AND MARKETING SERVICES
FOR INSTRUMENTATION SUPPLIERS AND END-USERS

This issue sponsored by Spitzer and Boyes, LLC

August 2013

Glass Membrane pH Sensors (Part 3 of 3)

A closer look at the overall circuit for a pH sensor using a glass measurement half-cell provides insight into the various mechanisms involved in the circuits of all pH and ORP sensors. In these circuits, current flows using three different mechanisms --- solid conduction, interfacial charge transfer, and liquid diffusion. click for more...

Part I: Variable Speed Drive Energy Savings

Installing variable-speed drives can yield significant electrical energy savings. Every few years, I am asked to review a paper citing the energy savings that can be obtained in pumping applications where the author uses the Affinity Laws to incorrectly calculate electrical energy savings when applying a variable-speed drive. However, misapplication of the Affinity Laws can result in over-estimates of the energy savings (sometimes grossly) associated with operating the pump with a variable-speed drive. click for more...

Charles' Law

For flow measurement purposes, Charles' Law is often used to calculate the change in volume that occurs when temperature changes. click for more...

ABOUT SPITZER AND BOYES, LLC

In addition to over 35 years of experience as an instrument user, consultant, and expert witness, David W Spitzer has written over 10 books and 250 articles about flow measurement, level measurement, instrumentation, and process control. David (with Walt Boyes) is the author of seven Consumer Guides to various industrial flow and level technologies. David teaches his flow measurement seminars in both English and Portuguese.

Spitzer and Boyes, LLC provides engineering, technical writing, training seminars, strategic marketing consulting, distribution consulting, and expert witness services worldwide, and can be contacted at +1.845.623.1830 or www.spitzerandboyes.com.