Spitzer and Boyes, LLC Website

DAVID W. SPITZER'S E-ZINE

TECHNICAL AND MARKETING SERVICES
FOR INSTRUMENTATION SUPPLIERS AND END-USERS

This issue sponsored by KROHNE

October 2013

ORP Sensors

Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) measurement half-cells consist of a single noble metal electrode that is typically simpler than their pH counterparts. Noble metals such as gold and platinum are used because they do not react with most aqueous solutions and neither dissolve nor form oxide layers that could reduce contact between the metal and ions in solution. click for more...

Part I: The Expert Witness - Evaluating a Case Involving Alleged Sewage District Overcharges

Back in the 1990s, I was contacted by a lawyer representing a local sewage district and asked to be the district's consultant and expert witness. It seemed that the board members felt that the district was being overcharged by another district in the town where the sewage was treated. click for more...

Velocity in Different Pipe Sizes

Cooling water flows through a 4-inch pipe that is reduced to a 3-inch pipe prior to entering a piece of process equipment. If the velocity in the 4-inch pipe is 1 meter per second, what is the approximate velocity in the 3-inch pipe? click for more...

ABOUT SPITZER AND BOYES, LLC

In addition to over 35 years of experience as an instrument user, consultant, and expert witness, David W Spitzer has written over 10 books and 250 articles about flow measurement, level measurement, instrumentation, and process control. David (with Walt Boyes) is the author of seven Consumer Guides to various industrial flow and level technologies. David teaches his flow measurement seminars in both English and Portuguese.

Spitzer and Boyes, LLC provides engineering, technical writing, training seminars, strategic marketing consulting, distribution consulting, and expert witness services worldwide, and can be contacted at +1.845.623.1830 or www.spitzerandboyes.com.